2020年考研英语阅读真题（一）text3——follow me
一、数一数全文一共由几个段落组成，标上序号,全文有10段。
二、最后一题，看看是不是中心主旨题：
35. Which of the following can?be inferred from?the text?_____（推理）
[A]Women's need in employment should be considered
?[B] Feasibility should be a prime concern in policy?making.
?[C] Everyone should try hard to promote social justice.
?[D] Major social issues should be the focus of legislation.
从文中可以推断出下列哪项?
A.应考虑女性在就业方面的需求。
B.可行性应该是决策中的首要考虑因素。
C.每个人都应该努力促进社会公正。
D.重大社会问题应成为立法的重点。
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推理题的标志： be inferred from从…中推导出;
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方法一、推理题答案爱用may，may be，should be我选定答案是B D。 [B] Feasibility should be a prime concern in 
policy?making. 不违背常识。应是正确答案。D.重大社会问题应成为立法的重点。都不符合常理。
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方法二、?be inferred from?the text实际是中心主旨题，文章的中心往往在一段，有百分之八十的可能。
【1段】①Progressives often support diversity?mandates?as a path to equality and a way to level the playing field.?②But all too often such policies are an insincere form of virtue-signaling that benefits only the most privileged and does little to help average people.
参考译文：进步人士通常支持将多样化规定作为一种实现平等和打造公平竟争环境的方式，但这种政策往往是一种美德体现的虚伪方式,只会有利于最能享有特权的人,而对于普通人几乎没有帮助。
But后我只看到了too…to,重点是to后面的。to help average people. 对于普通人几乎没有帮助。作者对‘多样化规定’持负面的态度。
【10段】① remember that such policies are largely self-serving?measures that make their sponsors feel good but do little to help average women.
请记住,这些政策在很大程度上都是利己的议案,它们让倡议者感觉良好,但对普通女性的帮助却微乎其微。
请记住，这是结论，从而否定了ACD.答案只能是B.
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【葵花宝典】推理题的标志：be
inferred from、be learned from、indicated
推理题的做法：在推理题中，文中直接出现的，且于主题无关的肯定不是正确答案；与中心一致的，是正确答案。推理题答案爱用may，may be，should be。
1、违背常识的选项一定错误。2、含义概括gài kuò、抽象的选项往往是答案，像柳咏的词——婉约，越朦胧越正确。3、逻辑关系词处（but、too…to）、总结处（remember 、found that/ concluded that/ make a assertion）往往是答案.
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本题型的解法：四加一
1、开门见山：文章的中心往往在一段，有百分之八十的可能；抛砖引玉时：中心在第一段的段尾与第二段的段首句。
2、用穿针引线的方法，第一段+各段的中心句（首句）+最后一段的主旨句。
3、最后一段，看看是不是转换话题了。
4、研究性文章，文章多出现 study/ research,并且前几段都在讲研究的对象/过程或错误观点，文章是分总结构，主旨在最后:
A、倒数第二段第一句
B、最后一段第一句和最后句,最好能找到 found that/ concluded that/ make a assertion等等标志词。
加一：看看在题干中是否已经泄露秘密。读前四道题中重复的词或许就是中心主旨的主要内容。由题干可以看出这篇文章的中心主旨。
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三、听懂人话（看看题干，审题，看出题老师问了你什么？文章的中心是什么，结构是什么？方向是什么，反复提到的是重点。）
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31、The author believes that the bills sponsored by Lewis and Haddad?will__
解析：Believe,consider,deem,argue,demand,say,think,hold,remark,indicate全表示观点
32、Which of the following is true of the California measure?___
33、The author mentions?the study by Catalyst to?illustrate___
解析：Mentions,to illustrate是例证的标志，是为中心老大背书的。
34、Norway's adoption of a nationwide?corporate?gender quota?has led to_____
解析：核心词——gender quota性别配额，可知本文提到的议案是关于性别平等的，led to引起什么问题或结果。表面是细节需补充完整，实际上这细节由主旨老大决定，是为中心老大背书的。led to引起的是不好的东西。
隐含31提出议案的不怎么样（？）
四、顺藤摸瓜，根据中心：顺藤是顺着题干这根藤，摸到答案。也就是说：问什么答什么。根据题干的具体情况和提示信息,利用不同的解题方法回到原文逐一寻找每一道题的准确答案信息来源或依据。答案必须有依据。
31.The author believes that the bills sponsored by Lewis and Haddad will_____（作者认为,刘易斯和哈达德提出的议案会）
?[A] help little to reduce gender bias.
?[B] pose a threat to the state government.
?[C] raise women's position in politics.
?[D] greatly broaden career options.
A.对减少性别偏见几乎没有帮助
B.对州政府构成威胁
C.提高女性的政治地位
D.极大地增加了职业选择
【1段】①Progressives often support diversity?mandates?as a path to equality and a way to level the playing field.?②But all too often such policies are an insincere form of virtue-signaling that benefits only the most privileged and does little to help average people.
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参考译文：进步人士通常支持将多样化规定作为一种实现平等和打造公平竞争环境的方式，但这种政策往往是一种美德体现的虚伪方式,只会有利于最能享有特权的人,而对于普通人几乎没有帮助。
【2段】①A pair of bills sponsored by Massachusetts state Senator?Jason Lewis and House Speaker Pro Tempore Patricia Haddad,to ensure “gender parity"on boards and commissions, provide a?case in point.
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参考译文：由马萨诸塞州参议员杰森·刘易斯和众议院临时议长帕特里夏·哈达德提出的两项议案便是恰当的例子,这两项议案旨在确保在理事会和委员会中实现“性别平等”。
【3段】①Haddad and Lewis are concerned that more than half the?state-government boards are less than 40 percent female. ②In?order to ensure that elite women have more such opportunities,they have proposed imposing government quotas. ③ If the bills?become law, state boards and commissions will be required to?set aside 50 percent of board seats for women by 2022.
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参考译文：哈达德和刘易斯担心,超过一半的州政府理事会中,女性所占比例均不足40%，为确保精英女性拥有更多这样的机会,他们提议实施政府配额。如果这两项议案最终成为法律,那么州理事会和委员会就要在2022年之前为女性预留出50%的委员会席位。
32.Which of the following is true of the California?measure?____关于加利福尼亚州的议案,下列哪项说法是正确的?
?[A] It has?irritated?private business owners.
?[B] It is welcomed by the Supreme Court.
?[C]It may go against the constitution.
?[D] It will settle the prior controversies.
A.它激怒了私营企业所有者。
B.它被最高法院欣然接受。
C.它可能违背宪法。
D.它将解决先前的争议。
解析：正误判断题。
这道题难在定位上：California在第4、5段中找到，故32题定位于第4、5段，且是他们的交集。4段②is probably unconstitutional. 可能是违反宪法的。5段①The US Supreme Court frowns …the law violates the constitutional guarantee of“equal protection” 美国最高法院不赞…. 该法律违反了“平等保护”的宪法保障.答案是[C]It may go against the constitution.
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【4段】①The bills are similar to a measure recently adopted in California, which last year became the first state to require gender quotas for private companies. ②In signing the measure,California’s?governor Jerry Brown admitted that the law, which expressly classifies people on the basis of sex,is probably unconstitutional
参考译文：这两项议案与最近在加利福尼亚州通过的一项议案相似,去年该州成为要求私营企业实行性别配额的第一个州。(32)在签署该议案时,加州州长杰里·布朗承认,这一条明确将人按照性别分类的法律很可能是违反宪法的。
【5段】①The US Supreme Court frowns on?sex-based classifications unless they are designed to address an“important"policy interest,Because the California law applies to all boards,ever where there is no history of prior discrimination,courts are likely to?rule that?the law violates the constitutional?guarantee?of“equal protection”.
参考译文：美国最高法院不赞成将人按照性别进行分类,除非该分类旨在解决“重要的”政策利益问题。因为加利福尼亚州的法律适用于所有理事会,即使理事会之前没有性别歧视的先例,法院也很可能裁定该法律违反了“平等保护”的宪法保障。
33.The author mentions the study by Catalyst to illustrate_____（mention例证标志）
?[A] the harm from arbitrary board decision.
?[B] the importance of constitutional?guarantees.
?[C] the pressure on women in global corporations.
?[D] the needlessness?of government interventions.
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作者提到 Catalyst的研究是为了说明：
A.董事会任意决策所带来的危害
B.宪法保障的重要性
C.全球企业中女性的压力
D.政府干预的不必要性
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解析：本题是例证题。
例证题的解法：50%是主旨；45%是例子上面的那句话；5%是例子的本身。
Catalyst定位于【7段】②According to a study by Catalyst。【7段】①without?government interference在没有政府干预的情况下。同[D] the needlessness?of government interventions.同义。答案是[D]
【6段】①But are such government mandates even necessary? ②Female participation?on corporate boards may not currently mirror?the percentage of women.in the general population,but so what?
参考译文：但这样的政府规定是否有必要呢?目前,女性在公司董事会中的参与人数可能并未反映其在公司总人口中所占的比例,但那又如何呢?
【7段】①The number of?women on corporate boards has been steadily increasing without?government interference. ②According to a study by Catalyst,between 2010 and 2015 the share of women on the boards of global corporations increased by 54 percent.
参考译文：(33)在没有政府干预的情况下,公司董事会中女性的人数一直在稳步增加。 Catalyst的一项研究显示,2010年至2015年间女性在全球企业董事会中所占比例增长了54%。
34.Norway's adoption of a nationwide corporate gender quota has led to_____
?[A] the underestimation of elite women's role.
?[B] the objection to female participation on bards.
?[C] the entry of unqualified candidates into the board.
?[D] the growing tension between Labor and management.
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挪威在全国范围内实行公司性别配额,导致_____
A.对精英女性作用的低估
B.反对女性参与董事会
C.不能胜任的候选人进入董事会
D.劳资关系日益紧张
解析：本题是例证题，例证题的解法：50%是主旨；45%是例子上面的那句话；5%是例子的本身。
由Norway定位于是【8段】②，①Requiring companies to make gender the primary qualification for board membership will inevitably lead to less experienced private sector boards.要求公司将性别作为董事会成员的主要资格不可避免地导致经验不足成为董事会成员。[C] 不合格候选人进入董事会，是①同义转换。答案是[C]。
【8段】①Requiring companies to make gender the primary qualification for board membership will inevitably lead to less experienced private sector boards. ②That is exactly what happened when?Norway?adopted a nationwide corporate gender quota.
参考译文：(34)要求公司将性别作为董事会成员任职的首要标准,将不可避免地导致私营部门董事会经验不足。这正是挪威在全国范围内实行公司性别配额时出现的情况。
【9段】①Writing in The New Republic, Alice Lee?notes?that increasing the number of opportunities for board membership without increasing the pool of qualified women?to serve on such boards has led to a“golden skirt"phenomenon. ②where the same elite women scoop up multiple seats on a variety of boards.
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参考译文：爱丽丝·李在美国《新共和》杂志中指出董事会成员的席位虽增多,但却没有更多合格的女性在这些董事会中任职,这便导致了“金裙”现象:同一位精英女性在不同董事会中占据着多个席位。
【10段】①Next time somebody pushes corporate quotas as a way to promote gender equity,remember that such policies are largely self-serving?measures that make their sponsors feel good but do little to help average women.
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参考译文：下次若有人将公司配额作为促进性别平等的一种方式,请记住,这些政策在很大程度上都是利己的议案,它们让倡议者感觉良好,但对普通女性的帮助却微乎其微。
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