2013年考研英语阅览真题(一)Text3——刷题思路(2013年考研英语一难度)

2013年考研英语阅览真题(一) text 3——刷题思路
text3选自2012年2月29日的 new scientists(《新科学家原文标题为“ the future is bright for humanity”(《人类的将来一片光亮》),这篇文章归于糠煜多文章,其主题是谈论人类的将来,得出的结论为人类的将来会越来越光亮。
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一、数一数全文一共由几个期间构成，标上序号,全文有7段。
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二、最终一题，看看是不是中心主旨题：
35. which of the following would be the best title for the text?(标题要瞻前顾后)
[a] uncertainty about our future（uncertainty不断定，政治不正确）
[b] evolution of the human species（人类进化）
[c] the ever-bright prospects of mankind（ever-bright 好的方面断定）
[d] science, technology and humanity（科学，技能，人类。太大，啥也没说）
【生词助词】
★evolution [?i?v??lu??n] n.进化; 演化（e=out; volt转）
revolutionize?[?rev??lu???na?z]（re反+volt转）
★prospect, pro=toword, spect=to see,
★humanity [hju:?m?n?ti] n.人类; 人道; (hum=ground; -ity 名词字尾)(三大宗教中皆认为人是泥巴做的)
humble [?h?mbl] adj.谦逊的; 粗陋的; （等级或方位）低下的; 不大的;(在地上的东西)
下面哪项是这篇文章的最佳标题?
a.咱们将来的不断定性
b.人类的进化
c.人类的光亮前景
d.科学、技能和人类
办法一：从选项中比照：含人类的集结｛a,b,c,d｝, 含将来的集结｛a, c｝，它们的交集｛a, c｝，a政治差错，答案只能是c.
你或许说[a] uncertainty about our future中不含“人类”，不别忘掉“咱们”也是“人类”。
办法二：
从题干中得出的信息：31、34题干中有the future，32、34题干中有mankind；这篇文章的标题包括mankind，the future；
[c] the ever-bright prospects of mankind契合这个标准，答案是[c]。
办法三：
开宗明义：文章的中心一般在一段，有百分之8十的可以，【1段】① up until a few decades ago, our visions of the future were largely—though by no means uniformly—glowingly positive.
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骨干是： the future were glowingly positive。positive活泼的，①句指出我们曾对将来极度旷达。②句接着指出不和缘由:我们对将来的旷达源于对科技的无量决心。答案只能是[c] the ever-bright prospects of mankind。这篇文章的方向是正面的，不可以能是负面，因为政治有必要正确。
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办法四、最终一段，看看是不是变换论题了。【7段】③ but we are now knowledgeable enough to reduce many of the risks that threatened the existence of earlier humans, and to improve the lot of those to come.也阐明晰：“c.人类的光亮前景”是正确答案。
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本题型解法：三加一
1、开宗明义：文章的中心一般在一段，有百分之8十的可以；抛砖引玉时：中心在第一段的段尾与第二段的段首句。
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2、用牵线搭桥的办法，第一段+各段的中心句（首句）+最终一段的主旨句。
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3、最终一段，看看是不是变换论题了。
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加一：看看在题干中是不是现已泄露隐秘。读?牡捞庵兄馗吹拇驶蛐砭褪侵行闹髦嫉氖滓谌荨Ｓ商飧煽梢钥闯稣馄恼碌闹行闹髦肌?br>
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三、听懂人话（看看题干，审题，看出题教师问了你啥？文章的中心是啥，规划是啥？）
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刷题思路：咱们采纳的是自上而下的逻辑，在最短的时刻内猜出文章的中心论题是：人类的光亮前景。环绕这个中心去向置每个疑问。
一句话：环绕中心，自上而下，形散而神不散。
31. our vision of the future used to be inspired by
曩昔,咱们对将来的神往是受??? 煽动的。
这是被逼句，让找动作的实施者。
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32. the iucn’s “red list” suggests that human beings are
世界天然维护联盟《濒危物种赤色名录》标明,人类是
根据中心《濒危物种赤色名录》标明,人类是有好的将来。
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33. which of the following is true according to paragraph 5?
根据第五段可知,下列哪项正确?
与将来有关。
34. to ensure the future of mankind, it is crucial to
为了保证人类的将来,要害要
it is crucial to do sth.要点是to do sth
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31、34题干中有the future，夹在中心的32、33题也可所以关于future。
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四、顺藤摸瓜，根据中心：顺藤是顺着题干这根藤，摸到答案。也就是说：根据题干的具体情况和提示信息,使用不一样的解题办法回到原文逐个寻找每一道题的精确答案信息来历或根据。答案有必要有根据。
31. our vision of the future used to be inspired by（be inspired by让啥鼓励，要找缘由，是因果题。）
曩昔,咱们对将来的神往是受??? 煽动的。
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[a] our desire for lives of fulfillment
[b] our faith in science and technology
[c] our awareness of potential risks
[d] our belief in equal opportunity
a.咱们对充溢作用感的日子的盼望
b.咱们对科技的决心
c.咱们对潜在风险的知道
d.咱们对机缘对等的崇奉
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【生词助词】
be inspired by
desire for盼望
in the desire to在盼望
fulfillment结束
faith in（对…的决心;）
aware of知道到
★opportunity [??p??tju:n?ti] n.机缘; 恰当的机缘良机 (opp=to;port=gate; -ity表名词)(偏重有门)
★potential [p??ten?l] adj.潜在的，有可以的n.潜力，潜能;
词根：potent=powerful,标明
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【考点】因果题，这是被逼句，让找动作的实施者。
【精准定位】首段①句指出,直至几十年前,我们都对将来极度旷达。②句接着指出不和缘由:(认为)科学和技能会处置一切难题（动作的实施者）,让一切人过上充分和机缘满满的日子,也即,我们对将来的旷达源于对科技的无量决心,[b]正确。
【出题解密】题干和[b]归纳了首段要义。题干中 used to对应①句中 up until a few decades
ago, be inspired by清楚两句之间暗含的因果联络;[b]中our faith in science and technology
是对 science and technology would cure all the ills of humanity的归纳，对题干的答复。
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【1段】① up until a few decades ago, our visions of the future were largely—though by no means uniformly—glowingly positive. ② science and technology would cure all the ills of humanity, leading to lives of fulfillment and opportunity for all.
【生词助词】
★positive [?p?z?t?v] adj.活泼的; 的确的（posit =put,标明）
post [p??st] n.邮件; 邮政
★negative [?neg?t?v] adj.低沉的，否定的（neg=deny,标明）
★opportunity [??p??tju:n?ti] n.机缘; 恰当的机缘良机( opp=to;port=carry;-ity表名词)
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(31)直到几十年前,咱们对将来的神往尽管不完全共同,但全体上较为旷达。科技会处置人类的一切困难,使我们都能过上充溢作用感和机缘的日子。
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【2段】① now utopia has grown unfashionable, as we have gained a deeper appreciation of the range of threats facing us, from asteroid strike to epidemic flu and to climate change. ② you might even be tempted to assume that humanity has little future to look forward to.
【生词助词】
★appreciation [??pri??i?e??n] n.赏识; 判定; 谢谢(ap=to;preci=price)
★epidemic [?ep??dem?k] n.盛行病; 灵敏的传达（epi=among；dem=people；ic……的）
look forward to期望；等待
如今,跟着咱们对自个所面临的一系列挟制——从小行星碰击到流感猖獗,再到气候改变——有了更深化的知道,这种乌托邦式的愿望现已变得不再盛行了。你甚至可以会不由认为,人类几乎没有将来可以等待了。
32. the iucn’s “red list” suggests that human beings are
[a] a misplaced race.
[b] a sustained spec

ies.
[c] the world’s dominant power.
[d] a threat to the environment.
【生词助词】
★sustain[s??ste?n]? v 撑持；奉养（sus =under；tain=keep；）（鄙人面撑住）
★dominant [?d?m?n?nt] adj.占优势的; 控制的。（dom=home）
be predominant in占主导方位
★environment [?n?va?r?nm?nt] n.日子环境; 天然环境，生态环境
（en-=in;viron=circuit周围；-ment名词后缀）
世界天然维护联盟《濒危物种赤色名录》标明,人类是
a. 一个不达时宜的种族
b. 一个可以持续生计的物种
c.世界的主导力气
d. 对环境的一种挟制
【考点】推理判别
办法一：31、34题干中有the future，夹在中心的32、33题也可所以关于future。答案[b] a sustained species.
sustain [s??ste?n] ?（sus在……下面+tain捉住）；与将来有关。望文生义，[b]正确。
办法二：
【解析】题干问的是“濒危物种名单（red list）”意味着人类怎么样了？咱们根据“iucn”和“red list”很简略定位到第三段。
第三段未句指出“ red list”中对智人的界定: “④listed as least concern as the species is very widely distributed, adaptable, currently increasing, and there are no major threats resulting in an overall population decline.”
被列为“无危物种( least concern)”,鉴于其分布广泛,习气性强,数量持续添加,而且不存在致使数量全体降低的严峻挟制”。这标明,人类暂时没有灭绝的风险,是可连续的物种,[b]正确。
【出题解密】[b]中 sustained是对 very widely distributed, adaptable, currently increasing, no major threats, least concern等一系列特征的高度归纳。
办法三：
paragraph 3以but最初，标明转机，2段可以跳看。考点在but后。and it becomes clear that we have an excellent chance of surviving for tens, if not hundreds, of thousands of years.（咱们就会理解即便咱们不能存活数十万年,但再存活数万年仍是极有可以的）与[a] a sustained species同义。
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【3段】① but such gloominess is misplaced. ② the fossil record shows that many species have endured for millions of years—so why shouldn’t we? ③ take a broader look at our species’ place in the universe, and it becomes clear that we have an excellent chance of surviving for tens, if not hundreds, of thousands of years. ④ look up homo sapiens in the “red list” of threatened species of the international union for the conversation of nature (iucn) and you will read: “listed as least concern as the species is very widely distributed, adaptable, currently increasing, and there are no major threats resulting in an overall population decline.”
但这种绝望是不达时宜的。化石记载标明,许多物种现已连续了数百万年之久那为啥咱们人类就不能呢?纵观咱们这个物种在世界中的方位,咱们就会理解即便咱们不能存活数十万年,但再存活数万年仍是极有可以的。(32)在世界天然维护联盟《濒危物种赤色名录》中查阅“智人”这一词条,你会看到:“因为该物种分布极端广泛,习气性强,当前数量还在持续添加,且不存在致使整个族群数量削减的严峻挟制,所以该物种被列为无危物种。”
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【4段】① so what does our deep future hold? ② a growing number of researchers and organisations are now thinking seriously about that question. ③ for example, the long now foundation has as its flagship project a mechanical clock that is designed to still be marking time thousands of years hence.
那么,咱们悠远的将来会是啥样呢?越来越多的研讨者和组织机构都在细心思考这个疑问。例如,今日永存基金会将一台旨在几千年后仍然可以记载时刻的机械钟作为它的旗舰项目。
33. which of the following is true according to paragraph 5?
[a] the interest in science fiction is on the rise.
[b] arc helps limit the scope of futurological studies.
[c] technology offers solutions to social problems.
[d] our immediate future is hard to conceive.
【生词助词】
science fiction科幻，科学愿望小说
on the rise. 在上涨[增加]; 昌盛高涨
★solution [s??lu:?n] n.处置; 溶解; 溶液（solu=loosen,标明）
resolution? [?rez??lu:?n]n.决计; 处置;
★conceive [k?n?si:v]愿望;想象;怀孕
（con一起+ceive=take）（我们一同抓[思维]→想象）（带着孩子是怀孕）
根据第五段可知,下列哪项正确?
a. 我们对科幻小说的快乐喜爱在添加。
b. 《弧》有助于限制将来学的研讨领域。
c. 技能为处置社会疑问供给办法。
d.很难想象咱们不远的将来。
【考点】推理判别
办法一：
31、34题干中有the future，夹在中心的32、33题也可所以关于future。[d] our immediate future is hard to conceive.有将来；可见[d正确。
办法二：
【精准定位】第五段首句指出,思考人类长远将来比想考近期将来更简略,随后说明为何近期将来不好猜测,可见[d正确。
【出题解密】[d]中 hard to conceive是对首句 it may be easier to think about such lengthy timescales than about the more immediate future的同义改写。
【经历共享】it may be easier to think about such lengthy timescales than about the more immediate future.（但与思考不远的将来比较,思考如此长远的时刻跨度如同更为简略。）是题干，比照句常考。
【5段】① perhaps willfully, it may be easier to think about such lengthy timescales than about the more immediate future. ② the potential evolution of today’s technology, and its social consequences, is dazzlingly complicated, and it’s perhaps best left to science fiction writers and futurologists to explore the many possibilities we can envisage. ③ that’s one reason why we have launched arc, a new publication dedicated to the near future.
(33)或许有些顽固,但与思考不远的将来比较,思考如此长远的时刻跨度如同更为简略。如今技能的潜在打开及其社会影响凌乱得令人昏厥,或许最佳的办法是把咱们所能愿望到的许多可以性留给科幻小说家和将来学家去探究。这正是咱们兴办《弧》的缘由之一,这一新刊物尽力于研讨不久的将来。
34. to ensure the future of mankind, it is crucial to
[a] draw on our experience from the past.
[b] adopt an optimistic view of the world.
[c] explore our planet’s abundant resources.
[d] curb our ambition to reshape history.
为了保证人类的将来,要害要
a. 从曩昔罗致经历
b. 树立活泼的世界观
c. 勘探地球上的丰厚本钱
d.抑制咱们重塑前史的宏愿
【生词助词】
draw on使用
abundant [??b?nd?nt]adj. 丰厚的（ab 加强+bund+ant→[多得]象波涛相同→丰厚的）
ambiguous [?m?b?gju?s] adj.迷糊的，不清楚的;（am爱，bi两个，gu=go;）
(迷糊石沉大海)
ambition [?m?b??n] n.志向; vt.寻求; 有…野心; （am爱，bi两个，it=go;- tion后缀）
（在西方，想当官，处处跑去讲演。）
ambulance [??mbj?l?ns] 救助车( ambul=walk,标明ance物品)
（走的东西)
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【考点】实际细节 办法一：
it is crucial to do sth.要点是to do sth。找to do。六段②句…the key to the future(与中心有关) ; we have now identified enough of the long-term patterns shaping the history of the planet ；中有 history，[a] draw on our experience from the past. the past= history答案是[a] draw on our experience from the past.
?[d] curb our ambition to reshape history.中也有history，但三观不正，不选。
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办法二：
【精准定位】第六段②句指出:曩昔掌控着通向将来的钥匙,咱们如今现已晓得了地球及人类前史的构成方法,所以能更精确地猜测将来;末段进一步清楚:咱们已具有满足的常识去防备前人的危机、改进后人的命运,综上可知,将来仰仗对曩昔的知道及总结,[a]正确。
【出题解密】题干+[a]是对第六段②句the past holds the key to the future，…to make的进一步清楚,is crucial to对应②句 holds the key to。
【经历共享】the past holds the key to the future:冒号后常考。it is crucial to要害性的，同key to同义变换。[c] draw on our experience from the past，出题懒的，past都没换。
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【6段】① but take a longer view and there is a surprising amount that we can say with considerable assurance. ② as so often, the past holds the key to the future: we have now identified enough of the long-term patterns shaping the history of the planet, and our species, to make evidence-based forecasts about the situations in which our descendants will find themselves.
可是,从更长远的视角来看,咱们可以对数量惊人的作业做出恰当精确的猜测。(34)正如一般情况下,曩昔是翻开将来之门的钥匙:咱们如今现已满足晓得构成地球和咱们人类前史的长时刻方法,这使得咱们可以对子孙子孙地址的环境做出有理有据的猜测。
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【7段】① this long perspective makes the pessimistic view of our prospects seem more likely to be a passing fad. ② to be sure, the future is not all rosy. ③ but we are now knowledgeable enough to reduce many of the risks that threatened the existence of earlier humans, and to improve the lot of those to come.
这种登高望远使得咱们对人类前景的绝望观点更像是一股时刻短的风潮。当然,将来并非一片光亮。但咱们如今现已有满足的常识,可以降低许多曾挟制前期人类生计的风险,并改进后人的命运。
35. which of the following would be the best title for the text?
[a] uncertainty about our future
[b] evolution of the human species
[c] the ever-bright prospects of mankind
[d] science, technology and humanity
下面哪项是这篇文章的最佳标题?
a.咱们将来的不断定性
b.人类的进化
c.人类的光亮前景
d.科学、技能和人类
文章一、二段指出,曩昔我们对将来的神往较为旷达,而如今这种旷达已变为绝望;三段指出,人类对将来的绝望是不达时宜的,并辅以有力论据证明人类生计的可持续性;四至六段指出,人类在不断思考和研讨将来,但猜测将来非常凌乱,应学习曩昔的经历以非常好地猜测将来;末段总结全文:将来并非片光亮,但咱们如今现已有满足的常识,可以降低许多曾挟制前期人类生计的风险,并改进后人的命运。综上可知,全文首要环绕“人类出路是光亮的”这一主题打开,故c选项正确。