英美文学考研(英美文学考研国家线)



英美文学考研(英美文学考研国家线)缩略图

迩来这段时刻,我们初步温习基英了,单词,完型,翻译,作文,其间作文来问我的比照多。我的作文正本写的不是极好,可是最终基英考的不错,阐明作文没给我丢分,很大一有些不是因为我后期背作文了。当然,在时刻条件答应的情况下,背作文,范文仍然是最佳的办法。
我其时看的一本书是类似于gre作文辅导的书,看了一个星期。看完之后真是觉得醍醐灌顶,之后写作文尽管说没那么优良,可是至少也是中上的水平。
具体的书,我不记住了,为了答复你们的疑问,我把我当年的笔记相片翻了出来,给你们写一篇如何写好基英作文,专8作文,以及大论文+小论文+谈论文(中文+英文)的主张。
(我在这儿并不只是谈论人大基英英语作文的题型,因为本身题型每年都在变,我谈论的是不管你拿到一个怎样的作文题,大约如何写出作文来。)
首要,看一道这样的作文题:claim: the best way to understand the character of a society is to examine the character men and women that the society chooses as its heroes on its role models. reason: heroes and role models reveal a society’s highest ideals.
write a response in which you discuss the extent to which you agree or disagree with the claim and the reason on which that claim is based.
(观念:晓得一个社会的最佳的办法就是去研讨社会被选为英豪或许榜样的人的特征。理由:英豪或许榜样提示了社会的最高抱负。
写文章谈论在多大程度上撑持或许对立上文观念以及该观念根据的理由)
可以拿出草稿纸,或许直接在大脑中思考几秒中,中文或许英 可以,大约如何来写这篇作文。根柢上350-500字支配,可以先列个大纲。

3-5分钟,自我检测一下!

怎么样?
一般来说,是不是感触有点难?

这样的作文的确是比照难的,考的是咱们的思辨和证明才能。也就是瞎写都写不出来。可是假定咱们学会了这种作文的写作办法,其他作文的写作思维就显得很简略了。

记理解这个标题,接下来咱们初步分析一下
咱们首要分析要害词

1.?definition of the critical term and concept: 即我们一般如何界说或了解标题中呈现的要害概念。
本题中 ”a society’s highest ideals” 社会的最高抱负,是啥?是指政治获得霸权?经济上构成独占?仍是根柢福利和人权的完善前进?是民主化共和化?仍是人人对等共产主义?
从一个要害概念 ,就可以得到会集对标题的不一样了解,而你需要从一初步读懂标题。

2.?categories of the critical term and concept. 标题中要害概念的分类。
假定标题中呈现了”culture” “information” 这样的一些笼统概念,咱们无法直接对着“文明”侃侃而谈,而是需要将这些笼统概念进行分类。再关于不一样品种的概念别离进行谈论。
比方文明关于自个生长的影响?
文明这个笼统概念,就可以空气,社会文明,经济文明,家庭文明,学校文明,宗教文明,艺术文明等等,可以从许多层面来谈论。
标题中的”heroes” “英豪”就是一个类似笼统概念,啥是英豪,英豪分类,可以分为民族英豪,体育英豪,文学英豪,战争英豪等等。

3.?domains that would be affected by the claim:标题观念可以会影响到的领域。
比方提出的观念或许行为是不是会在政治上发生影响,或将会在文明上有所体现?仍是会影响到社会,经济,科技,艺术等各领域。
category 和domain 的差异:
category是一个概念本身可以分红多少类。
domain是某种概念,某行为在其他哪些与之平行、平等级的领域会发生影响。
category:文明:今世文明,传统文明,干流文明,非干流文明,本乡文明,外来文明。
domain: 文明:影响日子,交际,经济等层面。
domain 还分为两个分支:c&p=condition+period

condition: under what condition is the claim valid?
标题的观念、观点在啥情况下树立?或标题观念的树立需要具有哪些条件?
period:at what historical period is the claim valid?
标题的观念、观点在不一样的前史时期有哪些不一样的影响和体现?
这前面的3个层面根柢上可以处置大有些疑问:definition,category和domain(condition+period)。
比方:the greatness of individuals can be decided only by those tho live after them, not by their contemporaries.
自个作用的巨大不能被同辈人,而只能被后人抉择。
本题就可以用domain,分析不一样领域的自个作用能否被同辈人抉择。因为不一样领域的名人(比方政治,军事,科技,艺术,商业等)情况都是纷歧样的。

4.?reason that would probably lead people to come to such claim. 之所以提出可以出于何种理由?
分析理
英美文学考研(英美文学考研国家线)插图
由的时分分为三个方历来思考:importance+benefits+necessity
importance:重要性:选用标题观念有哪些重要性?
benefits:利益性:标题观念或行为对各方面存在哪些好坏联络?
necessity:有必要性:出于哪些客观条件而采纳标题中提出的行为。

5.?effects that would possibly be brought about by the claim.
接收标题的观点之后会发生啥样的成果?
reason和effects 两个层面首要用于证明某一深化发掘证明内容。一旦咱们可以找到作者提出某种观念的理由,动机以及承受作者的观念可以带来的成果、影响,再去评价标题的观念、树立自个的情绪就有根据了。
比方:晓得一个社会的最佳的办法就是去研讨社会被选为英豪或许榜样的人的特征。英豪或许榜样提示了社会的最高抱负。
这是两个陈述句,这两者之间是不是存在因果的逻辑联络,就是咱们写作的切入点之一。
缘由与成果,加上前面的三个领域,根柢上可以归纳一切的这些写作。
那么,咱们来看一下,具体大约怎么写篇作文的提纲?

提纲被简略分为
1,最初
2,论说definition+category+domain+effective+reason
3,结束
1.?最初有些怎么写?(2种办法都可)
1)简述标题观念+提出自个情绪+(首要理由)
2)简述标题观念+提出另一种观点+提出自个情绪
2.?结束有些怎么写?(两种办法都可)
1)重申情绪+说明首要理由
2)反证+重申情绪+递进说明

正文提纲:
情绪:我附和标题提出的理由(reason),但不附和标题观念(claim),认为它们之间没有因果联络。即我附和“英豪或许榜样提示了社会的最高抱负。”可是晓得一个社会的最佳的办法不必定就是去研讨社会被选为英豪或许榜样的人的特征。

我将环绕(domain)参军事,体育,社会三个领域进行证明。
1.?战争中的英豪体现出了勇气的质量,可是不能反映社会具有这样的特征。
2.?体育中的英豪体现了竞技的质量,可是不能反映社会具有这样的特征。
3.?政治中的英豪体现了睿智的质量,可是不能反映社会具有这样的特征。

最初:
i?agree with the reason part in the argument that heroes or heroines can , to certain extent, mirror a society’s ideals.?however, the claim that heroes are also the best subjects to understand the character of the whole society is over-generalized. (简述文章观念)a society chooses as its heroes not people who mirrors the society but rather the people whose character society’s members wish they could emulate but cannot.?simply put, heroes reflect ideals, while the character of a society is reality. there is always a gap between the ideal and the reality.(提出自个的观念。英豪是抱负化的质量,社会是真实存在的质量)
论说:
first let’s consider the military hero, who gains heroic stature by way of courage in battle, or by otherwise facing certain defeat and emerging victorious.?(举出古今中外具体的战争英豪的比方)for example, former presidential hopeful?john mccain,?who even his political opponents laud as a war hero for having not only endured years of torture as a prisoner of war but also for continuing to serve his country afterward. do his patriotism and mettle reveal our society’s true character? certainly not, they reveal only that we admire his courage,fortitude and strength-yes, our highest ideal. this group of heroes’ valiance and virtue, though sublime, are too far away from daily life to reflect the character of the society.
next we can study the sports hero, whom society choose not merely by the virtue of athletic prowess.?some accomplished athletes we consider heroes because they have overcome significant obstacles to achieve their goals. for example,?lance armstrong?was not the first tour de france cycling champion from the us; yet he was the first to overcome a life-threatening illness to win the race. other heroic athletes give back to the society which lionizes them. as?mohammed ali?fought not just for boxing titles but also for racial equality, so baseball hero?mark mcguire?fought for disadvantaged children, while?magic johnson?fought for aids research and awareness. yet the character traits and resulting charitable efforts of sports heroes do not reflect similar traits and efforts among the society at large.?they simply reveal that we admire these traits and efforts in other people, and wish we could emulate them, i.e. a sort of highest ideal.
a third type of hero-the sociopolitical hero-who inspires and incites society to meaningful political and social change,?can only reflect what a society hopes to be, but nor what it currently be. such luminaries such as india’s?mahatma gandhi,?america’s?martin luther king,?south africa’s?nelson mandela,?and poland’s?lech walesa?come immediately to mind. the function of the social champion is indisputably to call attention to the ideal and ultimate goal of a society. but, again, his or her ideas and actions can only represent the character of certain social groups, not that of the collective character of whole society which the hero struggles in.
结束:重申情绪+说明缘由
in conclusion,?what society deems heroic does reflect a basic, and universal, human need of paragons-to whom we can refer as metaphors for the sorts of virtues that for lack of character we cannot ourselves reflect.?on the other hand,it is precisely because we ourselves cannot reflect these virtues, the heroes and heroines cannot otherwise represent the overall character of the society who chooses them.

文中呈现的人物
john mccain 前总统提名人 约翰 麦凯恩
lance armstrong 兰斯 阿姆斯特朗(环法自行车赛夺冠的第一个美国人)
mohammed ali 穆罕默德 阿里 (拳王)
mark mcguire 马克 麦奎尔(棒球英豪)
johnson (篮球英豪戏法师)
mahatma gandhi (甘地)
martin luther king (马丁路德金)
nelson mandela (曼德拉)
lech walesa (瓦尔萨)
从中咱们可以看出。证明的有些引证了许多的比方和人物,这也是咱们平常需要堆集的当地。其时不必记许多,平常遇到记一下,再记几个通用的证明,根柢上这样的一篇文章在中上等的水平。
平常没有时刻写作文,每天花个半小时练练提纲,一个月支配,根柢上作文的规划有很大的长进,再加上一些好的言语表达平缓时的堆集,我的作文水平也就是根柢这么练习的。
啥样的作文标题都可以,首要训练自个的逻辑思维才能和分析了解才能,中文论文和英文论文千篇一律。

2021-9-15
echo
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